1.Compare and contrast two perspectives on the idea that commercial Assignment

1.Compare and contrast two perspectives on the idea that commercial mass media provide a marketplace of ideas - Assignment Example rence is that, in a neoliberal society, in addition to the dominant elite controlling the message, there is also a message to the mass audience that the neoliberal tenants – that deregulation, private enterprise and low taxes are all good, as are income and wealth disparities – are the tenants that should be present in society. In contrast, the opposite views, the progressive views, that higher taxes should be pursued, government should be expanded, wealth should be more evenly distributed, and businesses should be firmly regulated, are all beliefs which would presumably harm the free market system and the corporations that make up the free market system, therefore these are the tenants which are disparaged in a neoliberal society. At any rate, under either of these ideas, there is not a free exchange of ideas, because the messages are so controlled by dominant forces. This essay will examine the two schools of thought – political economists and neoliberals †“ and show how each of these schools of thought leads to a mass media that does not disseminate ideas so much as it creates propaganda for the ruling elite. Political economists, according to Brenkman (1979) are in line with Karl Marx, as his critique of the bourgeois economy was known as political economy. The basis for Marxism, at least in the classical sense, is that the economic base determines everything else that occurs in the superstructure of the social, political and intellectual consciousness of a given society. Thus, the culture industries, including commercial media, would be examined in this light, in terms of the economic determinations. This would mean that the media and the messages that are disseminated throughout a society are determined by the economic base of the organization that produces them (Chandler). The political economist looks at large economic structural forces, and how the mass media is associated with this (Havens et al., 2009). Thus, for example, in a very crass way, Fox

How Piagets theories support universal preK in the US Essay Example for Free

How Piagets theories support universal preK in the US Essay Jean Piaget is famous for developing one of the most influential theory, the theory of cognitive development. The theory is mainly concerned with the construction and emergence of schemata which comprises the schemes of how a person does perceive the world especially during the developmental stages when the children are gaining new means of mentally expressing information. The theory is considered constructivist in opposition to other theories which could be either nativist or empiricists, (Brainerd, C. 1978). The theory proposes that we do get to construct our cognitive abilities through the self-motivated action in ones world. The nativist theory on the other hand asserts that cognitive development is the unfolding of innate abilities and knowledge while empiricist theories defines cognitive development as a gradual process in which knowledge is acquired through experience, (Brainerd, C.J. Reyna, V.F 2002). For this theory, Piaget won the Erasmus prize. There are four main periods that Piaget used to describe the schemes that children make use of to understand the world, (Gallagher, J.M. Reid, D.K. 1981). Four stages as described by Piaget’s. Sensorimotor period. This occurs at the age of 0 to 2 years, (Piaget, J. 1929). According to Piaget, children are born with a congenital reflexes which permits them to float in the dense world beyond their drive to explore the world around them. The initial schemes that the children have at this stage is all based on the differentiation of their congenital reflexes. Since this is the first of the four stages according to Piaget it marks an important stage in which the child develops spatial abilities to understand the world in six different stages, (Piaget, J. 1929). These stages include; †¢ The reflex scheme stage that takes place from birth to one month. It is primarily associated with the development of reflexes. †¢ Primary circular reaction stage is the second stage that occurs from one month to four month. It is primarily associated with the development of habits. †¢ The secondary circular reactions phase forms the third stage. It occurs from the fourth month to the eighth month and is primarily associated with the development of vision and prehension coordination, (hand-eye coordination). †¢ The fourth sub stage is concerned with the development of the object permanence development. It is generally called the coordination of secondary course round modest circular reactions stage and occurs from the eighth month to the twelfth month. †¢ The tertiary circular reactions phase is what Piaget suggested to the fifth sub stage from twelve to eighteen months. This is the stage that Piaget suggested that the ‘little scientist’ is born through active creativity and experimentation. †¢ The sixth final sub stage here is characterized by the beginning of symbolic representation and it occurs from the eighteen months to twenty four months. At this stage the new found means of considering before taking an action gives the child new ways of eventually achieving a goal without having to go for the trial and error experiment, (Gallagher, J.M. Reid, D.K. 1981). preoperational stage This is the second of four main stages of cognitive development. Piaget demonstrated that a qualitative psychological functioning does occur as the child approaches the end of second year. According to Piaget, a preparatory thought is any particular procedure that promotes mental action on objects. The main hallmark in this stage is logically inadequate and sparse mental operations, (Flavell 1963). It is at this stage that the child learns to repress and use objects by words and images, that is symbolic thinking is evident. Since the child still has difficult of adopting other people’s viewpoint, thinking is still egocentric. It as it this stage that the child has the potential to classify similar objects together trough a single feature such as color or shape, (Brainerd, C. 1978). Piaget suggested that this stage which immediately follows Sensorimotor stage occurs between 2-7 years of stage. It at this stage that children develop their language skills and thus they begin expressing things using images and words. Worth noting here is the child relies more on intuition that the logical reasoning at this stage. At the beginning, there are more egocentric since they are not yet aware that other people are not thinking or perceiving things in the same way like they do. It at this time that their imaginative mind is very active and they thus associate emotions to certain inanimate objects, (Piaget, J. 1929). This stage is further broken down into Preconceptual stage and the Intuitive stage. The Preconceptual stage occurs at the stage of 2-4 years and is mainly characterized by egocentric thinking as well as animistic thought. A child with animistic thought is one who has the tendency to assign attributes of living things to inanimate objects such as the perception that a glass does feel pain when it is broken. The intuitive stage that occurs between the forth year to the seventh year is characterized by the potential child who is actively solving problems through the mental process. Though at this stage they do manage to achieve some goals, they are however unaware on how they achieved their conclusion. A simple example is when a child is able to correctly identify the majority from the minority just by the virtual of sight. An example is when a child is presented with seven dogs and maybe 2 cats and he/she is asked if there are more dogs that cats. As expected the child would respond positively but will also commit a logical error if supposedly asked the same question in the same way but differently such as if there are more dogs that animal, (Brainerd, C. 1978). The child will most likely respond by saying yes thus showing the use intuition at this stage. An important observation by Piaget is that children mainly learn through play and imitation through these first two stages, (Gallagher, J.M. Reid, D.K. 1981).. Concrete operational stage This is the third of the four stages in Piaget’s cognitive development theory. It follows preoperational stage and is suggested to occur between the age of 7 to 11 years, (Piaget, J. 1929). It is characterized by the appropriate use of logic and at this stage some of the important processes that have been identified include; †¢ Seriation, which is the ability to sort different objects based on shape, size or other characteristic. A good example is the potential to differentiate color gradient. †¢ Classification-the ability of the child to identify and name sets of objects based on size, appearance as well as other characteristics that may suggest that one object may include another. †¢ Decentering-this is a process where the child is able to take into account multiple aspects of a problem towards solving it. An example is the change in perception where a child will no longer will no longer hold the perception that an exceptionally wide yet short cup will hold less amount that one that is normally tall and wide. †¢ Reversibility-where the young one is able to comprehend that objects and numbers can be altered and eventually returned back their original state. Thus the child will be able to comprehend that since 3+3= 6, then 6-3=3. †¢ Conservation- the ability to understand that length, quantity or number of items is basically mot related to their appearance or arrangement. †¢ Elimination of egocentricim- this is the ability of the child to understand and view things from another perspective even though they may think incorrectly. Formal operational stage This is the fourth and the final stage in cognitive development according to Piaget’ theory. It starts at around 12 years of age soon after the Concrete Operational stage and continues all the way to adulthood, (Ashurst 1985). It is the stage that is characterized with the ability to reason logically, think abstractly, and be able to draw conclusions from the available information. It is at this young adult stage that one is able to understand such aspects as logical proofs, love and values. Some biological factors can be traced during this stage as it occurs during puberty thus marking the entry into adulthood in cognition, physiology, moral judgment (Kohlberg), psychosocial development (Erikson) and psychosexual development (Freud). It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of all the people fail to develop this type of reasoning fully for it to become their normal cognition mode and thus they remain as operational thinkers even as adults, (Flavell 1963). The above four stages have some general observation. One is that though they may vary in time, sequence does not change, (Brainerd, C. 1978). The stages also apply to thought and not to children and they universal thus they cannot be associated with any culture. Shortcoming to Piagetian stage theory. There are several challenges that have been put froth against Piagetian theory some of which even Piaget himself has noted such as the fact that development does not have to progress in such as the smooth manner that his theory has proposed. His theory is a general one since it suggests that cognitive maturation occurs across different aspects of knowledge such as logic, mathematics, language among others, (Gallagher, J.M. Reid, D.K. 1981). Application of Piagetian theory Most of the educators as well as psychologists do manage to receive piagetian theory training during their professional training. A piagetian assessment is more likely to be a familiar concept among the psychologists who work in those districts that carry out alternative assessment of cognitive ability on regular basis. A good example are the psychologists at the Southern California Diagnostic Center who do make use of the Ordinal Scale more in depth during a Piagetian assessment. For most of these psychologists, a Piagetian assessment is like a departure from the standardized intelligence testing. The standardized intelligence tests that are available usually diagnose the student’s academic achievement expectancy and it may usually take considerable amount of time and thus may not be done for more than one year. This thus limits the tests for use during short term interventions such as pre-test or post-test. More to this is that standardized cognitive tests quantify a students power or strength of abilities or processing but unfortunately the quantification does not precisely predict the intervention method that are most likely applicable or useful, (Flavell 1963). A curriculum-based measurement (CBM) can be done several times within a year by the school psychologists as a pretest or post-test on how effective the intervention is. Unfortunately, CBM does not provide details of why the intervention may or may not be successful nor does it serve as a diagnostic tool for the instructional modifications. On the other hand, Piagetian screening can be useful in giving instructional interventions especially incases to do with comprehension or math concepts, (Piaget, J. 1929). Piagetian theory gives the stage wise development of qualitative means of developing thinking from one stage to the next. Through this understanding it is possible to understand more easily why students experience learning difficulties. Thus Piagetian screening does provide an avenue of quickly estimating a student’s cognitive development level, (Ashurst 1985). In a summary thus, one can point to Piagetian tasks as signposts that indicate the level or stage that a child of a particular age is functioning. Thus it is important to understand that teaching   a child certain specific tasks does not in any way change the development stage of the child. Thus these signpost are useful when developing accommodations and modifications that do support a match between a Childs a curriculum with his/her cognitive processing ability. Necessary interventions for a child curriculum especially at the age of 4. Most of the children usually do encounter difficult math problems. Piagetian theory can be used to explain the appropriate interventions that can be adopted and especially at the age of four. For a student to effectively understand the mathematical concepts of simple subtraction and addition, there is need for him/her to acquire the concept of conservation of numbers. A child who is yet to attain conservation of number concept can still be able to perform, state or memorize various procedures such as subtraction or addition but may most likely be confused with the same concepts weeks, days or even hours later. The main reason for this is that information is stored as verbatim representations and the gist representations, (Brainerd, C. 1978). The modern theories of memory suggest that memory is stored as verbatim (exact input), or gist (concepts) and these representations of   memory   are accessed independently. Thus a child who has not yet attained the conservation of number rarely has the conceptual framework that is needed for a one-to-one correspondence since they lack the conceptual framework, (Gallagher, J.M. Reid, D.K. 1981).. At a later time when the child is not able to accurately carry out math operations, an impression of memory deficit may most likely be the first impression. But the main problem maybe that the child has not yet attained the developmental stage that is required to understand the mathematical concepts. It is in such circumstances that the child may only store verbatim memories and fail to do the same for the conceptual knowledge, gist memory. Necessary interventions in this case suggest that one ought to be very sure that the concrete operations level is emerging. If this is not the case, the child may most likely be in the pre-operational thinking stage which is also the intuitive level. The necessary interventions can be aimed at helping the child accelerate moving from intuitive stage towards the concrete stage. A good example is at the age of four, which is generally regarded as the stage of ‘why’ where the course-effect thinking is learnt in details. Worth noting is that some of the primary school-age children whom have not yet attained the level of being intuitive thinkers usually get on to ‘why stage’ one or two years later and may thus have not had the opportunity of having the questioning behavior reinforced, (Flavell 1963). Students are also known to experience problems with comprehension. The frequent complaint are usually at the 4th grade all the way to the eighth grade. The difficult maybe complex but with the application of Piagetian theory it is possible to determine whether the student did manage to attain the necessary developmental stages to be able to comprehend different concepts that do involve   some partially overlapping sets of information. Though the international model age for attaining classification task as age 9, an upward variance is usually observed. Most of the upper elementary science, literary concepts and social sciences involve also mental manipulation. Usually students gain the attention of the school psychologists due t issues that are associated social behavior.

Analysis in narration of the The Tell-Tale Heart :: essays research papers

Analysis in narration of the The Tell-Tale Heart In this paper, it talks about what type of narration of the story  ¡Ã‚ ¥Tell-Tale Heart ¡Ã‚ ¦ used, and will explain why this type of narration is effective. Obviously,  ¡Ã‚ ¥Tell-Tale Heart ¡Ã‚ ¦ is a first person narration story. From the wording and the way of presenting, it is clear to see there is one major character and some other minor characters; there are some reasons of why the narration is effective in telling the story. It is very easy to make reader to get involve in the story and easy to picture the actions. The whole story draws reader interested in what happened next of the story. It attracts reader ¡Ã‚ ¦s attention, understand the mental state of the narrator directly. Author gives confusion to reader between narrator ¡Ã‚ ¦s action and his speech in order to illustrate a piece of myth to the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ §Tell-Tale Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ is a first person narration.  ¡Ã‚ §I ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §my ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ §me ¡Ã‚ ¨ or  ¡Ã‚ §myself ¡Ã‚ ¨ appear many times in the story.  ¡Ã‚ §I was never finder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him ¡Ã‚ ¨(36),  ¡Ã‚ §He had never wronged me ¡Ã‚ ¨(36),  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Kwhen my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨(37),  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡KI felt myself getting pale ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨(38). It shows that the narrator refers to himself as  ¡Ã‚ §I ¡Ã‚ ¨ through the story. The way of presenting in the story helps reader to know it is a first person narration. At the beginning of the story, reader knows the mad man is going to tell his own story.  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Kbut why will you say that I am mad ¡KHow, then am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily  ¡V how calmly I can tell you the whole story ¡Ã‚ ¨(36). The narrator is going to tell us a story. He wants to explain he is not a mad man. Therefor e, he tells reader his own story and if he telling his own story, then it must be a first person. From above all, it proves that  ¡Ã‚ §Tell-Tale Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨ is a first person narration story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is effective by using first person narration in  ¡Ã‚ §Tell-Tale Heart ¡Ã‚ ¨. Readers can throw themselves into the main character and to follow the actions described in the story. Since the first person participants appear in every sentence, thus it makes reader to get involve in the story easily. For example,  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡KI turn the latch of his door and open it ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨(36),  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡KI move it slowly-very, very slowly ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨(36),  ¡Ã‚ §I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him.

Maliciousness Exposed in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Foolishness and Maliciousness in Exposed in  Heart of Darkness  Ã‚        Ã‚   Joseph Conrad paralleled the Eldorado Expedition in his novel Heart of Darkness with the Katanga Expedition of 1890-1892. By doing so, he illustrated the folly and malevolence of the leaders of the Katanga Expedition and of Imperialist profiteers in general. The foundations for the Katanga Expedition were laid in 1883 when King Leopold proposed that he would leave the Congo state to Belgium in his will if he could borrow 25 million francs without interest to finance development of the area. In 1890, Prime Minister Beernaert ensured that Leopold got the loan (Pakenham 399). Through German adventurers and British missionaries, Leopold soon learned of both the riches Katanga had to offer in terms of natural resources and of its unusual native warlord, Msiri. With hopes of gaining raw materials, Leopold launched the Katanga Expedition in 1890 (Pakenham 400). Conrad’s "Kurtz" in Heart of Darkness is based on Georges-Antoine Klein (Sherry 9), although there are many similarities between him and Msiri, the native chief of Katanga, as well. Like Kurtz, Msiri was fond of keeping tight control of everything in his area, and he was partial to showing off his collection of human heads (Pakenham 400). As Kurtz had no qualms about shooting his supporters (such as the Russian) over trivial matters (Conrad 56), Msiri frequently cut off appendages of any of his subjects who displeased him (Pakenham 403). As Msiri was huge, "six-foot and fourteen stone," (Pakenham 403), Kurtz "looked at least 7 feet long" (Conrad 59). When Msiri’s enemies became bolder, huts filled with Msiri’s supplies were burned down (Pakenham 406). This is analogous to the incident in Heart of... ... at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe," (Conrad 33). Through Marlow, Conrad was pointing out the evil ambitions of the Katanga Expedition. In the Katanga Expedition, there was no true goal of "enlightening" the "savage" natives. The members of the expedition cared only about money and riches. They did not care about what happened to the native people of Africa. Conrad was disgusted with the way Belgium treated people of the Congo, and he blatantly illustrated this repugnance with his portrayal of the Katanga Expedition thinly veiled as the Eldorado Expedition. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc, 1988. Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa. New York: Random House, 1991. Sherry, Norman. Conrad’s Western World. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1971.      

Impact of Promotional Methods

From the scenarios, Erica and Chris have determined their weaknesses after performing a SWOT analysis. However, they have yet to identify opportunities for their business. Determine two potential opportunities specific to their restaurant’s business environment, and discuss how the partners can take advantage of these opportunities. Discuss a situation where you were influenced by an infomercial, attractive packaging, and a discount flyer to purchase a product, and explain why you think the promotional method made such an impact on you.I believe one of their potential opportunities is proximity to their ideal client base. They could pass out menus for catering, dining or even take out menus to cater to some of the businesses as well if they do cater maybe even a limited type delivery service to some of the companies as well this would not only separate them from their competition considering they would be the only restaurant to offer all of the services. I believe the second i s marketing there food what better way than take ala cart to these local businesses and having people try some samples while passing out menus and creating lunch specials for these business people.I believe this separates you from any other business in the area. I believe this with all fresh ingredients can do nothing but help your business and make a good name for yourself especially being new you have to go out and get your customers just not expect them to come go get them . I think these are all very good ideas for their restaurant very good ways to bring people in the front door if think they are all very good ideas. Good job!Me myself I really can’t think of something I have actually bought but have thought about some products. Usually its tools something new and unique plus a lifetime guarantee doesn’t hurt tools they wear out and break doesn’t matter the brand and I have realized if it’s too good to be true it probably it is. I usually don’ t fall for those as seen on TV things seem way to fake for me or I wait to see if I know someone else that gets it to see how it works.Advantages of accrual basis accounting1. Incorporates expenses and revenue at the same time 2. More accurate financial statements 3. Recognizes expenses and revenues when performed rather when paidDisadvantages of accrual basis accounting1. Special rules apply to this form 2. Transactions recorded at the time it happensAdvantages of cash basis accounting1. Only records revenue and expenses when they are paid either way. 2. It’s a very in expensive system to use 3. More simple system to useDisadvantages of cash basis accounting1. Misleading financial statements. 2. Fails to record services performed but not paid yet 3. Does not match expenses with revenues.I believe that each of these could be good for your business just depending on the business. Like to use the cash-basis you would need a business that does not have a lot of receivables and p ayables. If you have more receivables and payables I would suggest that you pay a little more money for the accrual basis you’re more likely to have a bigger business anyways. The revenue recognition principle recognizes revenue in the accounting period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. The expense recognition principle match expenses with revenues in the period when the company makes efforts to generate those revenues. If they waited until the end of the year to make all these entries it would be crazy look at tax time how people are. Now look at a company that has hundreds or even thousands of transactions a day all over the country it would be crazy.

Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Essays - Free Essays

Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Essays - Free Essays ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics Learning Team Competitive Strategies and Government Policies As a team, choose an industry. Assume management in that industry has recognized the effect of changes in the real-world competitive environment and government policies on other industries and anticipates similar events occurring in their industry, so they ask you for a report considering the following points. Write a 1,400 1,750 word paper in which you describe how each of the following are now, and will in the future, affecting your chosen industry: New companies entering the market, mergers, and globalization, on pricing and the sustainability of profits: Identify the type of merger activity in your industry or one with which you are familiarhorizontal, vertical, or conglomerateand explain why you made that choice. Current and expected government policies and regulations, including taxes and regulations in place to address issues related to externalities Global competition on the decisions made by management with regards to change in labor demand, supply, relations, unions, and rules and regulations in your chosen industry Recommend how the industry you chose may respond to each of the previous points. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Competitive Strategies and Government Policies In 1769, the first human transport automobile was created by using a steam engine. In 1806, the automobile evolved from the steam engine to an internal combustion engine which was powered by fuel gas. Nearly eighty years later, the petrol-fueled internal combustion engine was created. Electric power was briefly introduced in the 20th century. From 1769 until today, the automobile industry has experienced tremendous breakthroughs and there is no telling what lies ahead. According to the Economist (2013) A variety of driver assistance technologies are appearing on new cars, which will not only take a lot of the stress out of driving in traffic but also prevent many accidents. The Economist also states that Sergey Brin, a co-founder of Google, predicts that driverless cars will be ready for sale to customers within five years. The automobile industry has changed throughout the years and so has the competition. Governments have also become more environmental conscious and imposed policies and regulations for automakers which are almost certain to continue in the future. Management has not only recognized the changes that have occurred in the past, but they also recognize the changes that have yet to occur and must properly plan to ensure long-term profitability. New Companies The United States automobile industry consists of the same major companies that pioneered its existence. Such companies as General Motors and Ford have claimed their fair share of the market; however foreign automobile makers Toyota and Honda have interjected themselves in the U.S. automobile industry and have done so in a competitive fashion. The automobile industry is categorized as an oligopoly. In this particular market structure, outside companies are capable of entering the automobile industry, but in some cases there can be barriers of entry and exit. According to Colander, D. (2010) Implicit collusion among U.S. automobile firms led to foreign firms entry into the U.S. automobile market. Basically, a collective decision is made to reduce or increase pricing in the industry without companies specifically meeting to do so. In the global market, the automobile industry is competitive and creates opportunities to increase production along with establishing operations in other countries throughout the world. The ability to sustain a level of profits will be a challenge. With fluctuating market pricing, market share of the automobile industry can be increased or reduced. In some cases, making a significant price reduction can eliminate a competitor from the industry, which can result in long-term profits. Merger Activity The automobile industry has a long history of mergers, acquisitions, partnerships and alliances. In 1904 Ford Motor Company partnered with a Canadian carriage-maker. Though not a vertical merger, the partnership increased Fords production efficiency. The most recent automobile acquisition was Chrysler completed by Fiat Corporation. Fiat eventually purchased a controlling share in Chryslers stock and now has controlling ownership. A bankrupt Chrysler was pulled up by the bootstraps and the initial alliance with Fiat provided Chrysler with a platform to build more fuel-efficient cars. Fiat has increased the firms globalization and economies of scale by strategically gaining control of Chrysler. Government regulations, globalization

Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic Growth

Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic Growth Free Online Research Papers IMPORTANCE OF INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION BY THE UAE FOR SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH Annotated Bibliography Khateeb, F. B., Darrat, A. F. and Elkhal, K. (2007),† The UAE growth surge: have information technology and human capital contributed?†, Studies in Economics and Finance, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 297-306. Khateeb et al (2007) discuss in their paper the impact of the investment in technology and education on economic growth in the UAE. They conclude that the investment in education and IT is essential for UAE in order to sustain economic growth in the long run. Khateeb et al (2007) indicate that the UAE has been experiencing a tremendous real growth rate of approximately 10% since 2002, which is even better than the 5% real growth rate which it was achieving in the mid 1990s. The authors point out that this has been mainly been possible due to the huge oil and gas reserves of the country. However, the authors also acknowledge the fact that the UAE has made huge investments in the educational as well as IT sector. According to Solow (1956) exogenous technological innovation is a primary growth factor and on the other hand, according to the endogenous model of Romer (1986) and Barro (1991), internal factors such as education and human capital play a significant role in the growth process. Hence, the authors feel that the UAE has taken steps as suggested by the Solow model and the endogenous model of growth in order to sustain long term growth. The authors in their paper then carry out various regression and calculations to present a better picture of the contribution of human capital accumulation and technological innovation as factors of economic growth in UAE. The authors find out that though both the factors are important for the long term growth, human capital accumulation seems to play a pivotal role for the economic growth. The authors convey that they are not surprised with this result as, according to them, a lot of previous theories and researches have shown that investment in education is an important prerequisite for the adoption of computer-based technologies. The authors then carry out the same calculations to get some results for the short run. However, they fail to find any correlation between the two factors and economic growth in the short run. The authors seem satisfied with this result and in fact say that they expected such results. â€Å"This finding should not be surprising since, human capital and IT are slow to bring in their full effect on economic growth† (Khateeb, Darrat and Elkhal, 2007, p. 303). They give an example of the US, a country which invested heavily in human capital accumulation and IT innovation in the 1970s and only started reaping the benefits of doing so in the mid 90s (Jalava and Pohjola, 2005). The authors conclude saying that human capital accumulation and technological innovation are pivotal for the economical growth of UAE in the long run, with human capital accumulation being the more dominant factor. Also, the authors shed their concerns that the government might not invest in these fields as they believe the government of UAE might get deceived by the fact that these factors don’t result in immediate results and as a result might stop investing in these sectors. Research Papers on Investing in Technology and Education to Sustain Economic GrowthIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentMind TravelResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperStandardized Testing

Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essays

Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essays Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Domestic Violence And Substance Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Substance maltreatment sing with domestic force is a really high hazard amongst households. Either spouse imbibing can be a hazard into force, in which neither can keep their ain actions. Bing under the influence is the instability of your organic structure fluids, so one s actions ca nt be controlled easy. When households endure this force of substance abuse it can set a heavy load or give a positive mentality towards other to turn away from it. Children are at large hazard towards substance to either to follow or construct up a batch of choler within each other. In sample researches work forces from a domestic force intervention plan as it was found that matrimonial force was eight times more likely to happen on a twenty-four hours when the adult male had used intoxicant than on a nondrinking twenty-four hours ( Fals-Stewart, 2003 ) . Drugs other than intoxicant are besides linked to spouse force ( Kantor A ; Straus, 1989 ) . In a survey of 151 court-referred batterers, 53 % had used marihuanas and 24 % had used cocaine during the past twelvemonth ( Moore A ; Stuart, 2004 ) . A significant figure of these substance users were regular consumers, with about one in four ( 23 % ) utilizing marihuana at least four times a hebdomad. In add-on to distinguishing between substance usage and maltreatment, the consequence of intoxicant demands to be partitioned from drug usage since most users of illegal drugs besides use legal drugs, including intoxicant. Controling for the effects of intoxicant usage, ( Moore and Stuart ( 2004 ) ) found that drug u sage behaviour remained an independent forecaster of spouse force. A widespread of what sum to adumbrate spouse force ( IPV ) and what could be the effects for the victim, comes from a university research survey ( Campbell 1995 ) . , who says that repeated verbal maltreatment, such as blaming, roasting, dissing, cursing, shouting and humiliation, have long-run negative effects on a adult female s self-esteem and contributes to feeling of inutility, ineptitude, and self blame. Endangering to kill or physically harm a female spouse, her kids, other household members or pets establishes laterality and coercive power on the portion of the maltreater. As to my cognition the female spouse feels utmost panic, exposure, and impotence within the relationship. An abused adult female can experience incapacitated and stray, as green-eyed monster, possessiveness, and question about whereabouts and activities are commanding behaviours that can badly curtail a female spouse s independency and freedom ; this societal and fiscal isolation may go forth her dependent upon her maltreater for societal contact, money, and the necessities of life. ( Campbell 1995 ) states Emotional maltreatment can hold serious physical and psychological effects for adult females, including terrible depression, anxiousness, relentless concerns, back and limb jobs, and tummy upsets. Alcohol maltreatment in the partner was a primary cause of the presence and badness of maltreatment. Alcoholism is associated with legion ailments, as the addition of force non merely domestic but causes unequal parenting, sexual disfunction, general domestic strife and aggression. Work force with intoxicant jobs have to be a higher rate of force against their married womans and that they tend to bring down more frequent and deleterious assaults, other than a adult male who does non mistreat intoxicant. Stated by ( Johnson 2001 ) that it s non definitively that intoxicant because domestic force, it has systematically emerged as a hazard factor for spouse maltreatment in surveies that have specifically considered its part . A survey was shown that martially aggressive work forces were younger, exhibited more binge imbibing, more verbal aggression, greater intoxicant job badness, earlier intoxicant job oncoming and stronger beliefs that alcohol causes matrimonial jobs. Domestic force is more likely to happen peculiarly among younger work forces and work forces with an early oncoming of alcohol addiction. A research worker states that solitariness was related to matrimonial attitudes, peculiarly less liking, less familiarity, and greater communicating apprehensiveness among hubbies. In illustration an experience of confidant spouse force and its mental wellness effects are rather prevailing in India which is a civilization where gender differences are normative observed ( Varma 2007 ) . Wife slayings in India is said to take topographic point for economic ground, that Hindu work forces abandon or disassociate their married womans, or commit bigamy. To the research worker Rastogi and therly ( 2006 ) remark that dowery is exchanged in a bulk of Indian nuptialss among all societal categories, although its pattern became illegal in 1961. Families of the bride and groom negotiate transportation of assets to the groom and his household in exchange for get marrieding the bride, frequently within the context of an ordered matrimony. Dissatisfaction with the sum of dowery may ensue in maltreatment of the bride. There is psychological hurt among these adult females was most strongly associated with lower satisfaction with the soldierly relationship, presence of domestic force, lower frequence of male spouse s imbibing, lower perceived societal support from household, and more frequent efforts to get by with the spouse s imbibing. A higher grade of sexual coercion has been besides reported by the married womans of alkies. Sexual individuality struggles and unhealthy sexual and intimacy attitudes in such twosomes have been reported by Coleman ( 1987 ) . A survey was shown seven focal point groups were conducted between August and December of 2002. Participants included counsellors. Clinical supervisors and decision makers recruited from New York State-licensed substance maltreatment intervention plans. A staff member from the Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Service of New York State recruited participants by calling plan decision makers to inquire them to direct a staff member to a focal point group on IPV. Participants were recruited from dolophine hydrochloride care, residential, and outpatient twenty-four hours intervention plans. Two groups were conducted with counsellors from residential plans. The consequences were seven focal point groups with 41 staff members from 40 alone substance maltreatment intervention plans in New York City and Long Island, New York were conducted between August and December of 2002. Participants were chiefly adult females. Families where substance maltreatment occurs and households where adult female maltreatment occurs frequently portion features: intergenerational transmittal of the job, frequent crisis provinces, the maltreater faulting the spouse for his behaviour, the maltreater burying inside informations of the episode, isolation of the non opprobrious spouse, retarded emotional development in the household, impulsiveness and low self-pride among other household members, loss of control used as a header mechanism, and a short-run final payment in tenseness decrease ( Rogan 1985-1986 ) . Another confusing factor is victim poisoning and drug dependence. In instances of terrible force, there is small relationship between the victim s imbibing and banging. Even when commanding for intoxicant jobs in the male spouse, nevertheless, alcoholic adult females receive greater degrees of physical and verbal maltreatment than nonalcoholic adult females ( Miller, Downs, A ; Gondoli, 1989 ) . A adult female u tilizing drugs or intoxicant increases the likeliness that she will be battered, increases the likeliness that her male spouse will besides be imbibing when he batters her, and increases her opportunities of physical hurt. The substance maltreatment plans for beat-up adult female uses intervention study rates of childhood sexual maltreatment and confidant spouse force that far exceed those reported by adult female in general population. The usage or maltreatment of marihuana may be related to IPV in drug supportive environments or in environments where marihuana users are under day-to-day emphasis due to take down societal position and deficiency of income to back up one s household. Persons, who live in poorness, face racial favoritism, and face low rewards and deficiency of promotion due to dropping out of high school live in a really nerve-racking environment where the battle of day-to-day endurance may take its toll, as societal structural theory of force argues ( Cunradi et al. 2002 ) . Surveies have found that adult females populating in poorness are peculiarly vulnerable to and hold much higher rates of IPV victimization. Besides, unemployed batterers and high school dropouts are more likely to perpetrate injury-related IPV ( Cunradi et al. 2002 ; Kyriacou et Al. 1999 ; Johnson 2000, 2001 ) . Womans with lower household incomes frequently face extra challenges, such as deficiency of child-care, occupation accomplishments, high school grade, which make them more dependent on their maltreater. Persons holding a low societal position may besides turn to drugs and intoxicant to get by with the day-to-day emphasis, which in bend green goodss emphasis by utilizing their limited money for self-medication instead than to back up their household. In decision the survey of substance maltreatment is really high hazard in soldierly twosomes. As different civilizations have different functions in matrimony domestic force is still high. Not merely intoxicant is a substance, but besides drug maltreatment is besides a factor.

Groth issues of Aconex company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groth issues of Aconex company - Essay Example In fact this is part of our strategic management process. 11. What % of sales do you export Majority of our sales are for the overseas market. About 51-80 percent is the export market share in the revenues 12. Is your company taking advantage of the growth of the economies in China or India Yes. These two nations are the fastest growing economies today. With each country having more than a billion consumers, both having strong presence in the IT and ITES sector and availability of quality services with cheaper labor, these two countries are the obvious choice for such a venture. 13. How We have staff (sales and support) directly employed in both China and India. This way we are able to leverage the economies of scale. 14. Are changing demographics affecting your business strategy No. Compatibility with global environment is a prerequisite for survival in today's context. Therefore, companies are supposed to be ready for such diversities. 15. Is your company preparing for an economic slowdown in Australia No. With signals of a thaw in the global slowdown, and some sort of stability in the global financial markets we don't expect such a scenario anytime soon. 16. What are your best tips in a slump Adopting austerity measures in these times of slowdown will help us in remaining better prepared for the uncertain future. One of the quick fire solutions to wade through the slump is cutting down the salaries and being focused and aggressive in our marketing approach. 17. What is your principal aim in expanding the business The principal aim is to build a globally successful and competitive business 18. Did you plan your exit before you started...These days the online platform has bridged those distances. It order to exploit fullest potential of the company we intend to put daylight between us and second place of operation viz. New York and Sydney; Washington and Melbourne etc. We have a set of criteria to determine which markets we should enter next, based on size of market, availability of broadband, and the level of competition. In fact this is part of our strategic management process. Yes. These two nations are the fastest growing economies today. With each country having more than a billion consumers, both having strong presence in the IT and ITES sector and availability of quality services with cheaper labor, these two countries are the obvious choice for such a venture. Adopting austerity measures in these times of slowdown will help us in remaining better prepared for the uncertain future. One of the quick fire solutions to wade through the slump is cutting down the salaries and being focused and aggressive in our marketing approach. We know that the human resource is key to the success of any venture. We try our best to keep the workforce motivated enough to work in sync with the mission nd objectives of the company. Share plans, bonuses, flexible work practices, above average salaries, Volunteer leave are some of the features of our HR policy. In order to sustain the team spirit amongst the workforce, the management is always on th

Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Chemistry - Essay Example The particular orbital and electron configuration for potassium may be represented in this manner: K1s2 2s2 2p6 33s2 3p6 4s1 4) Covalent Bonding-Covalent bonds are among the strongest of the bonds because it actually engages in sharing electrons between 2 atoms, thus allowing their bond to be much more stable. Ionic bonds are characterized by the fact that they are bonds which form between two metal or non metal ions. It is essentially the attraction between these two ions which allows for the ionic bond to form. 5). When going down group ! On the periodic tables, name how ionic radius and hydrated radius change. Ionic radius goes up as the one scrolls down the group but the hydration radius however, lowers as one scrolls down the group. 5). When referring to proteins, it can be said that proteins are either primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary. This is simply referring to their structure. Proteins are composed of amino acids. The first protein structure to discuss is primary proteins which are the simplest of the protein structures. One may look this this: A secondary protein is found when observing along chain polypeptide and then suddenly, the appearance of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets appear. These more complex protein structures are known as secondary proteins. Tertiary proteins are simply the long chain of polypeptides as a whole. This long chain, consisting of primary and secondary proteins, folds in and around itself forming a 3 dimensional structure. The final and specific protein shape is known as quaternary protein configurations. This is often a case of many polypeptide chains all wound together, equipped with primary structures, alpha helices and beta pleated sheets of the secondary proteins and so on. 10). Structural isomer- The structural isomer for hexane is C6H12 with 5 structural isomers. Structural isomers exists fro the

Tax issues memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tax issues memo - Research Paper Example y hurdle for Norman is that, as much as he is getting involved into this lucrative venture, the fact remains that he also has to complete his mandates as a student. This is the reason why he even opted to be taking some of his revisions and assignments within his car through proper utilization of that outstanding app. Up to this point, Norman feels a little bit excited that he is not only a mere student but a CEO of his own small enterprise. This hence brings out some sort of discussion whether Norman is in a position of being an independent contractor or an employee. The main understanding can be attained by giving out some distinctions between these two aspects. While the "independent contractor" differs from the standard employee, exact designation based on your responsibility has to be agreed on before starting any task so as to avoid unnecessary inconveniences With increase in economic hurdles and the cost of living in the contemporary world, various possible measures or opportunities have to be fully utilized by individuals so as to ensure success in all sectors of life. This can probably be possible if the aspect of multi-tasking and other such- like commitments are put into consideration. Human multitasking refers  to apparent individual’s performance of managing more than a single task simultaneously. This term was derived from the aspect of  computer multitasking. A good example is when an individual takes phone calls and types an email at the same time. Multitasking has often resulted in time wastage due to the aspect of  context switching  and has apparently caused more errors because of insufficient  attention. As much as multitasking can be viewed as being the key towards success in some of the sectors, it might only be applicable to a few individuals who have set their minds right. Otherwise, research shows that it often leads to various mishaps such as poor performances due to lack of concentration, time wasting, dampness, reduced productivity,

Asylum and Immigration Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asylum and Immigration Law - Essay Example Some of the reasons mentioned by these legal brains include the need for economic protection. Even in the light of the fact that rules that limit the movement of people from one country to another remain, there also remain the need for people to be trans-bordered once a while without going through the laid down procedure2. One condition that creates this legal exemption is the issue of asylum seeking. This paper discusses the Humanitarian Aims of the 1951 Geneva Convention and how the aims have been upheld by countries over the years – particularly the United Kingdom. Background to the Humanitarian Aims of the 1951 Geneva Convention In the year 2001, the world celebrated 50 years of passing the Status of Refugees through the 1951 Geneva Convention. Legal analysts note the humanitarian needs that accompanied the need for the convention. In the first place, Mason (2009) notes that there was a humanitarian need for the convention because of the increasing rate at which the number of refugees was multiplying the world over. She notes that â€Å"over 30 million â€Å"persons of concern to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees† can still be counted in the world today.3† In the midst of the increasing population of refugees, the fundamental human rights spelt out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDRH) by the United Nations General Assembly of 1948 covers and protect refugees also4. It is for this reason that in 1951; three years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Convention sought it prudent to institutionalize policies that protected the basic rights of refugees. Even more, there was the realization by the Geneva Convention to the effect that causes and factors that put people in the state of being refugees were mostly, inevitable, unpredictable and unintentional and thus the need to be empathetic towards the plight of refugees. In this direction, the FAO Corporate Document Repository (2009) states that †Å"as man-made disasters are one of the main causes that force people from their homes, international refugee law, contribute to protect human rights in emergency situations.5† It was indeed with such humanitarian aims that the leaders who met in Geneva in 1951 thought it prudent put together the Geneva Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees6. Overview of the UK Social Welfare System in protecting the rights of Asylum-seekers Even though the social welfare system of the United Kingdom was not structured purposely to cater for asylum seekers alone, the system has a lot of place and representation for asylum seekers; especially based on the core principles on which the system functions. Spicker (2001) quotes Asa Briggs (1961)7 who defines the principles on which the social welfare system of the United Kingdom operates as â€Å"a guarantee of minimum standards, including a minimum income; social protection in the event of insecurity; and the provision of servi ces at the best level possible.8† Since refugees fall under all these three wings of principles, it has become eminent on the United Kingdom Social Welfare System to over the years protect the rights of Asylum seekers. Once present, there are laws and legal reforms binding the United Kingdom government to put in place certain basic conditions and

Non-current assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Non-current assets - Essay Example The effective date on the basis of IASB was the fiscal periods on or after the financial year ending on 2004. Differences in accounting treatment The accounting standard of IAS 16 refers to the tangible noncurrent assets as property, plant and equipment and identifies that they hold a physical substance which can be used for delivery of goods or services or for purposes of administration. The physical substances are expected to be in use for more than a single accounting period. There are some problems accrued to the definition (Friedrich and Friedrich, 2009). Freehold as well as leasehold land, plants and machinery and buildings are included in the PPE. The aim of the accounting standard is to lay down the treatment for accounting relating to recognition of assets, the willpower of the carrying amounts and the charges of depreciation as well as the loses that relates to them. The accounting standard should be followed in the accounting process for PPE as using another PPE requires t he use of different treatment. A business should have the capability to recognize the associated risks and rewards correlated with the asset (Kelly, n.d. p. 1-3). The business controls the asset. The rewards are the custodies. The cost of risk and repairs are treated as costs. Any loss emerging from the assets are treated as costs as well. Under the accounting standard it is expected that the future anticipated economic benefit will find the way to the owner and the associated costs can be measured reliably. IAS 16 accounts for two models namely the cost model and the revaluation model for measuring PPE. In the first model, an item under PPE is carried at the cost which is less than the accumulated depreciation as well as less than any accumulated impairment losses. In the second model, the item in PPE is carried at fair value less than accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The standard is in line with the definition of the asset set in IASB. It is possible to have a relia ble cost of PPE by the transaction cost of the market in cases where the asset has been acquired. The incidental acquisition cost includes the attributed cost of carrying the asset to the site (The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan, n.d.). The import duties, the cost of preparation of the sites and the fess of professionals are included in the incidental cost of acquisition. The inclusion ceases once the asset is made ready to use. The asset may not be brought into use but it should to ready to use. The costs that are excluded from the standard are cost of generating a new facility, overhead costs of the administration and the cost associated with introducing the new produced product. An obligation often arises to dismantle the product after the life cycle and the obligation is recorded s the liability at the time the asset is recognized. In the cases where the assets are self constructed the costs of the materials that were acquired, the costs related to labour and the other associated costs must be recognized. IAS 38 provides the definition of asset recognition and specifies the ways the carrying amounts should be measured in the following periods as well as guides on the disclosures. The accounting standard can be applied to all intangible assets except the assets that are within the scope of another standard. It is inapplicable to the intangible assets held by someone

Asylum and Immigration Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Asylum and Immigration Law - Essay Example Some of the reasons mentioned by these legal brains include the need for economic protection. Even in the light of the fact that rules that limit the movement of people from one country to another remain, there also remain the need for people to be trans-bordered once a while without going through the laid down procedure2. One condition that creates this legal exemption is the issue of asylum seeking. This paper discusses the Humanitarian Aims of the 1951 Geneva Convention and how the aims have been upheld by countries over the years – particularly the United Kingdom. Background to the Humanitarian Aims of the 1951 Geneva Convention In the year 2001, the world celebrated 50 years of passing the Status of Refugees through the 1951 Geneva Convention. Legal analysts note the humanitarian needs that accompanied the need for the convention. In the first place, Mason (2009) notes that there was a humanitarian need for the convention because of the increasing rate at which the number of refugees was multiplying the world over. She notes that â€Å"over 30 million â€Å"persons of concern to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees† can still be counted in the world today.3† In the midst of the increasing population of refugees, the fundamental human rights spelt out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDRH) by the United Nations General Assembly of 1948 covers and protect refugees also4. It is for this reason that in 1951; three years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Convention sought it prudent to institutionalize policies that protected the basic rights of refugees. Even more, there was the realization by the Geneva Convention to the effect that causes and factors that put people in the state of being refugees were mostly, inevitable, unpredictable and unintentional and thus the need to be empathetic towards the plight of refugees. In this direction, the FAO Corporate Document Repository (2009) states that †Å"as man-made disasters are one of the main causes that force people from their homes, international refugee law, contribute to protect human rights in emergency situations.5† It was indeed with such humanitarian aims that the leaders who met in Geneva in 1951 thought it prudent put together the Geneva Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees6. Overview of the UK Social Welfare System in protecting the rights of Asylum-seekers Even though the social welfare system of the United Kingdom was not structured purposely to cater for asylum seekers alone, the system has a lot of place and representation for asylum seekers; especially based on the core principles on which the system functions. Spicker (2001) quotes Asa Briggs (1961)7 who defines the principles on which the social welfare system of the United Kingdom operates as â€Å"a guarantee of minimum standards, including a minimum income; social protection in the event of insecurity; and the provision of servi ces at the best level possible.8† Since refugees fall under all these three wings of principles, it has become eminent on the United Kingdom Social Welfare System to over the years protect the rights of Asylum seekers. Once present, there are laws and legal reforms binding the United Kingdom government to put in place certain basic conditions and

Marketting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketting - Case Study Example Finally I will portray the financial projection for 3 years and along with that few control measures will be recommended. The case argues that nowadays people from all the sectors of the industry are taking huge interests in the field of behavior and attitude. Especially industries such as health, psychology, politics, communication, human development, management, medical and even in the field of biological science have high importance of behavior and attitudes. The case also portrays the conception of behavior and attitude as the resemblance of chicken and egg paradox. Human Behavior Academy (HBA) is basically a non-profit organization based on providing training to the candidates regarding knowledge, skills, and attitude. These skills in turn help the candidates to deal with diversified behaviors and attitudes of people. The company is headquartered at Manchester, United Kingdom and has branches in countries like Singapore, Nigeria, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Taiwan. The company provides trainings in order to build up professionalism amongst the practitioners. The success factor of the organization lies in its continuous process of research and development. This facilitates the organization to offer the candidates with latest information and trends in the area of behavior and attitude. The intentions of the company are highly reflecting through their mission and vision statement. According to the vision statement the company, it epitomizes that in order to develop a healthy and unbiased society it is necessary to have sturdy mental health, predominantly to understand the thoughts of people in the context of the behavior and attitudes. While the mission statement of the company typifies of generating responsiveness towards the significance and implications of attitude and behavior, as these are the rudiments of mental health. Apart from that the company also has the

Culture And Second Language Learning Essay Example for Free

Culture And Second Language Learning Essay Through the conduction of studies, it has been discovered that learning a second language, particularly in a situation where second language learning is given particular importance, requires an immersion into the lingua and cultural societies of the native speakers of the second language that is to be learned (Wan 44-45). This requirement is extremely important to be followed as the immersion on the societal components of the second language of the native speakers helps the learner to obtain more hands-on learning benefits when trying to acquire second language abilities (Wan 45). Literature Review Although numerous language specialists do conclude that culture and social groups exercise great influence on the acquisition of second language abilities, these specialists are still bound to not realize that the components that involve this situation are interconnected and are not distinct entities from each other (Wan 46). It is crucial to understand that learning a second language involves factors that cannot exist without the existence of other factors (Wan 47). Most recently, it has become a trend to become immersed in the culture of the native speakers of the second language through the use of the internet (Wan 47). Numerous second language learners browse the web in order to get immersed into the native speakers’ culture (Wan 47). Numerous second language learners can definitely learn through the utilization of this method as the web has got a lot of information from around the world to offer to the browsers (Wan 47). Methodology And Data Analysis Result of the surveys participated in by English language learner students: 3 1. Methodology: They have had difficulty forming friendships due to language barriers. Data Analysis: A little over 65 % of these people have had trouble forming friendships with English native speakers in the United States due to language differences. It is often uncomfortable to form a friendship with people whom you often encounter difficulty in conversing with. An interesting conversation turns sour when you have difficulty conversing with someone. The people who face this difficulty with English native speakers often become lonely while living in the United States if they are not able to find friends that share the same language as them. 2. Methodology: They have had difficulty achieving their academic goals than they would have if their instruction at school were conducted in their native language. Data Analysis: Although non-native speakers of English who are proficient in English are the only non-English speaker foreign students who are admitted for formal academic studies at schools in America, English proficient non-native English speakers also still encounter difficulty in their academic studies than they would have if the instruction was conducted in their own language. This is such the case as the mentioned students still are not used to the English language. These students most usually converse with their circle of influence in their native language, hence, this situation causes them to become awkward in utilizing the English language in their academic studies as well. The most objective advice that can be recommended from this situation is for the students to use the English language often even when conversing with non-native English speakers who form their circle of influence. Or, it would be better if these students would be able to find native English speaker friends who would be willing to practice conversing with 4 them in English on a regular basis. It would also be helpful for these students to practice sharpening their English language writing skills through regularly utilizing writing drills. 3. Methodology: Language barriers often make the students feel a longing to go home to their country. Data Analysis: Numerous students who experience difficulty learning English in the United States are usually not able to adjust to their social environment in the country. As a result they often feel that they are social outcasts and feel that they don’t belong in the community. Because of this situation that they may get into, they may become inclined to go back to their home country. 4. Methodology: Language barriers may have the tendency to make the students inculcate a lower self-esteem. Data Analysis: The students feel that they are not smart enough as they are not able to efficiently learn a second language. This dampens their spirits of good self-esteem. 5. Methodology: These students become the targets of discrimination pranks in the United States. Data Analysis: Numerous of these students become the victims of prank jokes just because of their limited English language abilities. They are seen as vulnerable group of people as they create a self-image of being dumb or â€Å"not smart enough† due to their limited English language abilities. 6. Methodology: These students become too dependent on an English proficient relative, family member or friend while in the United States. Data Analysis: This becomes the situation as the students may not even be able to convey simple information to strangers (e. g. , giving orders at a restaurant) due to their limited 5 English language abilities. The mentioned family member, relative or friend may eventually feel that these students are becoming a burden on them as time goes on. 7. Methodology: Numerous students are reluctant to learn English as a second language because they feel that learning it would cause them to somehow exhibit disloyalty to their own language and culture. Data Analysis: It now a common trend that people do somehow paint a picture on other people as being â€Å"colonially influenced† if they try to learn a second language. This causes these second language learners to become self-conscious when trying to learn a second language. If these people become too self-conscious to learn a second language, they may also give up the pursuance of a goal to move to another country and other goals that come with it. 8. Numerous people abandon their culture altogether and adapt the culture of the native speakers of the second language that they are learning. Learning a second language ultimately also causes one to get immersed in the culture in which that language belongs. Therefore, there are times that the culture of the learners gets totally abandoned as these learners try to learn a second language. This situation is sometimes viewed negatively by others. Results Learning a second language definitely has its ups and downs. The learners would just have to weigh in whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages as a basis in making their decision to learn a second language. However, we can definitely see that as long as the teaching of the second language is executed properly, numerous students are able to learn the language efficiently and utilize their second language fluency in worthwhile activities and 6 and professions. Discussions Three questions need to be answered in order for specialists to improve second language teaching and learning (Conference Probes Second Language 1). These questions are the following (Conference Probes Second Language 1): 1. What are the strategies on research that need to be executed in the implementation of second language education in America (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? 2. What are the strategies on research on the execution of second language education in the United States that need to be improvised (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? 3. What are these research strategies that are deemed to be effective (Conference Probes Second Language 1)? Reading, writing and speaking fluency of a second language does not come automatically if one has acquired extensive knowledge on the language usage (Swiderski 4). A culture’s main foundation is the official language that comes with it (Swiderski 6). When one first learns a language, he/she automatically first learns its corresponding culture (Swiderski 6). A language mirrors its corresponding culture (Swiderski 6). However, the language and the culture are not exactly similar in every ways (Swiderski 6). Because when learning a language one learns all about its usage, its interconnected component, culture, is also being learned during the process of learning the language (Swiderski 6). Therefore, language and culture are still 7 Regarded as separate entities (Swiderski 6). We can really see that a language tells about what kind of culture it evolves in (Swiderski 13). For example, a classroom where an English language learning class is held comprises of styles and settings that tells about the culture of the country where the school that houses the classroom is located (Swiderski 13). Significant differences in the way that the English language is used among the native and non-native speakers of English are considerably noticeable (Lucas 59). However, there are some questions that arise from this conclusion (Lucas 73). These questions are the following (Lucas 73): 1. Do the students make requests to their professors directly or indirectly (Lucas 73)? 2. Is politeness evident in the way that the students make the requests (Lucas 73)? Conclusions Charles Hutchison, Lan Quach and Greg Wiggan wrote in their article entitled, â€Å"The Interface of Global Migrations, Local English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant Academician,† English language instructors who experience teaching students belonging to different cultures, experience the following culture shock situations: 1. Problems in differences in teaching and learning. 2. Problems in differences in curriculum and assessment. In the article entitled, â€Å"The Interface Of Global Migrations, Local English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant 8 Academician,† using the social-constructivist (and cognition) theories as references, instructors of English language classes experience changes in the way they view language through the following ways: 1. They may be forced to conform to the students and their circle of influences’ viewpoints and theories. 2. They may experience communication barriers. Furthermore, the authors state in the article that the English language instructors come to realize who they really are and their vocation objectives due to the following reasons: 1. They shape what types of people their students become and their students’ self-esteem. 2. They struggle in helping their students realize their own identity as a minority in the United States. 9 Works Cited Hutchison, Charles, Quach, Lan Wiggan, Greg. â€Å"The Interface of Global Migrations, Local English Language Learning And Identity Transmutations Of The Immigrant Academician. † Forum On Public Policy: A Journal Of The Oxford Round Table (2006). Lucas, Sigrun. â€Å"Students Writing Emails To Faculty: An Examination Of E-Politeness Among Native And Non-Native Speakers Of English. † Language, Learning Technology 11 (2007): 59, 73. Swiderski, Richard M. Teaching Language, Learning, Culture. Westport: Bergin Garvey, 1993. Wan, Shun. â€Å"Second Language Socialization In A Bilingual Chat Room: Global And Local Considerations. † Language, Learning Technology 8 (2004): 44-47. â€Å"Conference Probes Second Language Research Needs. † Reading Today August 2001.

Effects of Childhood Malnutrition and Child Obesity

Effects of Childhood Malnutrition and Child Obesity A literature review is a compilation of resources that provide the ground work for further study. It is frequently found as a subsection of a published research study. Literature review refers to the activities involves in searching for information on a topic and developing a comprehensive picture of the state of the knowledge on the topic. Review of literature is a written summary of the study conducted previously related to the present study topic. (Polit and Hungler, 1999) The researcher carried out an extensive review of literature on the research topic in order to gain deeper insight into the problem and to collect maximum relevant information for building the foundations of the study. In the present study the review of literature is organized under the following headings; Section-I: Studies related to malnutrition and obesity at school level. Section-II: Studies related to effect of planned nursing intervention. Section-III: Studies related to knowledge and practice on Healthy Food Habits among children. Section-IV: Studies related to Penders Health Promotion Model Theory Section-V: Studies related to Conceptual framework based on Penders health promotion model (2002) SECTION-I: STUDIES RELATED TO MALNUTRITION AND OBESITY Malnutrition in early childhood causes irreparable damage to the development of child and results in wastage of human resources. Hence reduction in the high rate of child mortality and morbidity due to malnutrition becomes an important task of policy makers and social development planners survey conducted in rural areas of India revealed that abut 90% of the children suffer from different grades of malnutrion and about 15% of them are in extreme degrees of malnutrition. Shetty, P.S.,(2000) concluded that the reduction in energy intake below the acceptable level of requirement for an individual results in a series of physiological and behavioural responses, which are considered as an adaptation to the low energy intake. This ability of the human body to adopt to a lowering of the energy intake is without doubt beneficial to the survival of the individual. Increases in metabolic efficiency are not ready seen in individuals who on long term marginal intakes probably from childhood, have developed into short statured, low body weight adults with a different body composition. The evidence that behavioural adaptation in habitual physical activity patterns which occurs on energy restriction is not necessarily beneficial to the individual raises doubts about the role of adaptation to low intakes in determining ones requirement for energy. Hensrud, DD., (2000) reviewed a journal nutrition screening and assessment which revealed the both under nutrition and over nutrition contribute to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. For patients determined to be at risk further nutrition assessment can be performed to help drive at specific nutritional treatment goals. Identifying and treating malnutrition can potentially have an important impact on decreasing mortality and mortality and morbity and in the population. Rio-Grande Dosul., (2004) obese increased by about 60% in middle school children for every additional serving per day of sugar sweetened beverage. Obesity occurs more frequently in the more developed regions of the country (South and South East) due to the changes in habits associated with this process. Food intake has been related to obesity not only in terms of the volume of food ingested ,but also in terms of the composition and quality of the diet. Further more, eating habits have also changed and current habits -including the low consumption of tidbits goodies(cookies with fillings ,salty industrialized snacks, sweets)and soft drinks, as well as not having breakfast-help explain, atleast partially, the continuous increase in adiposity among children. Rodriguez, NR., (2005) concluded that the children have distinct nutritional needs relative to growth. Adequate intakes of energy and essential amino acids are necessary for optimal deposition of lean body mass and normal growth in young children. Most recommendations for children represents an inter-population of data derived from infants and adults. Indeed current protein status in children was evaluated using classic nitrogen balance protocols. This work indicates that a wide range of protein intakes (0.6-2.9g/kg)can be considered for young ,growing children. The ability of nitrogen balance studies to accurately reflect protein utilization has been examined and it appears that further investigations of protein utilization in children using stable isotope methodology, as well as traditional nitrogen balance protocols are necessary to better evaluate protein needs of growing children. Charles., (2005) the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically among children in the U.S. and throughout the world since the 1960s.many factors are thought to have contributed to the epidemic of pediatric obesity. one factor that has received increasing attention is consumption of sugar sweetened beverages. feeding studies suggest physiological mechanisms by which sugar in liquid form may be less satiating than other foods Veteri, F.E., (2010) aimed at providing information on a series of question related to the adequate protein and energy intakes that allow adequate growth and function in children and work performance and productivity in adults. The effect of different sources of protein on nitrogen balance and the requirements of essential aminoacids in young children were also explored in fully recovered previously malnourished children housed in the metabolic ward of the biomedical division of INCAP. Animal experiments and studies in children recovering from protein energy malnutrition (PEM) strongly suggest that even when requirements of all nutrients are satisfied. Inactivity reduces the rate of linear growth and physical activity improves it as well as lean body mass repletion. The effects of different energy intake modifies the need to ingest different amounts of protein to satisfy protein requirements. (PMID-20461903) As to knowledge concerning aspects of nutrition 90.8% of the children correctly responded to the questions concerning foods that were sources of vitamins and minerals 23.4% to the questions concerning healthier foods, 19% to the questions concerning foods rich in fats 25.8% to the questions on food sources of fibers and 4.9% to the questions on food that supply the body with more energy. Collaborating a tendency that has been reported in the literature the present study indicates an association between eating habits that are less healthy and obesity consumed.96 children ages 8-10 years in children a developing nation characterized as undergoing a nutrition transition, the subjects selected for current sugar -sweetened soft drink consumption will be randomly assigned to intervention. SECTION-II: STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECT OF PLANNED NURSING INTERVENTION Piffer.S, Kaisermann.D., (2003) presented paper reports the results of a survey on dietary habits of 1,398 children attending first class of primary school in Trento province (Northern Italy)the following items were investigated. Frequency of break fast and food intake .frequency of foods at school the conception of tracer foods as vegetables, fruits, and sweet was also investigated. The results were analysed according gender, area of residence, teaching method and educational level of parents. The data about nutritional style are satisfactory even if they are strongly associated to education level of parents, above all of the mother. The adequacy of nutritional style is increasing with the increasing of educational level. School meal, offering selected foods to all children attending fulltime teaching section, can re-equalibrate nutritional style, decreasing the differences associated to education level of the parents. Delisle, H., (2010) conducted study on dietary patterns in different groups of African origin undergoing nutrition transition, University of Montreal, Canada. In population undergoing nutrition transition, it is important to identify healthy and culturally relevant dietary patterns that can be promoted as a means of preventing diet-related chronic diseases. Dietary pattern analyses using data driven methods are useful for the purpose. The central question addressed in this overview paper is whether there are culture specific healthy eating patterns, or whether healthy diets may be more universal. Our studies on dietary patterns in population groups of African origin living in Canada (Miontreal), Europe (Madrid), and West Africa (urban and rural Benin) inform the discussion. Healthy or prudent, as opposed to Western, eating patterns are identified in several cultures, including groups of African origin. It appears that a limited number of foods predict diet quality and health outcome s in various population groups; in particular, fruit and vegetables, fish, whole grain cereal, and legumes do so on the protective side, and sweets, processed meats, fried foods, fats and oils, and salty snacks do so on the negative side. Further research on dietary patterns and their healthfulness is required in diverse food cultures. In groups of African origin, traditional diets are healthier than the nontraditional dietary patterns that have evolved with globalization, urbanization, or acculturation, although micronutrient intakes need to improve. Additionally, healthy eating patterns are only feasible if access to food is adequate. Present data can be used for implementing and improving health promotion action on correct dietary habits in child hood, keeping count of the role of education level of the parents. As children develop, they require appropriately, sized, portions of the same healthy foods adults eat along with more vitamins and minerals to support growing bodies. This means whole grains (whole wheat oats, barley, rice, millet) a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables a source of calcium for growing bones (milk, yogurt) and healthy protein (fish, eggs, poultry, lean meat, nuts and seeds). SECTION-III: STUDIES RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ON HEALTHY FOOD HABITS AMONG CHILDREN: This article examines the nutrition practices of black African children attending farm schools and looks at what they know about nutrition. Two schools participated in the study, which involved 132 primary school children aged 8-16years.A structured questionnaire revealed the childrens knowledge about nutrition related issues, and focus group discussions brought to the lives of the children living on commercial farms in the North west province. The findings provide strong support for the view that while nutrition education is important to childrens development of nutrition knowledge, good dietary practices and overall nutritional status, so also are influences from the childrens social, economic and psychological environment. Gil, A., (2009) the study assessed dietary patterns and quality in Bubi immigrants (from Equatorial Guinea) using cluster analysis and comparing different diet quality indexes. A Ninety nine items food frequency questionnaire was administered, body weights and heights were self reported and socio-demographic and health information was collected during interviews. Two dietary patterns were identified. The healthier pattern, so confirmed by two dietary quality indexes, featured a higher consumption of fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products and bread while the western pattern included more processed meat, animal fat, and sweetened foods and drinks. One third of the subjects were in the Healthier food cluster, with the same proportion of men and women. Age >of = 30 and residence in Madrid > or = 10 years were independently associated with the healthier diet. Consumption of traditional foods was unrelated to dietary pattern, however. Overall, Bubi diets were somewhat protective because of high intakes of fruits and vegetables and monounsaturated fat (olive oil), but not with respect to sugar, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids and fibre. Less than two thirds of subjects had adequate intakes of iron, calcium and folate in both dietary phenotypes. Body mass index, physical exercise, and self-reported health and cardiovascular disease condition showed no significant association with the dietary pattern. SECTION-IV: STUDIES RELATED TO PENDERS HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL Austin David, R., (2000) it describes the Health promotion model of therapeutic recreation. following a brief introduction and an overview of the model, concepts that underlie the model are presented. concepts included are the humanistic perspective, high level wellness, the stabilization and actualization tendencies, and health. It is a description of the various components of the model and information on utilization of the model in practice. The final sections of the article are concern with the models strengths and limitations and the continuing development of the model. Health, nursing, psychology, therapeutic recreation, and recreation and leisure studies literature are drawn upon for support of the model. Calderon, (2002) the programme was designed based on the findings of a national sample to assess knowledge, beliefs and practices of breast cancer early detection in Puerto Rican elderly women and their perceptions of barriers associated with non compliance. It involves the combination of educational and environmental support for actions and conditions conductive to health behavior and consists of the following components;(i)a culture and cohort sensitive health education programme for elderly women on breast cancer screening and assertive strategies for client physician relationship.(ii)training for primary care providers on current guidelines and barriers affecting compliance among older women in Puerto Rico and(iii)co-ordination of necessary support services to facilitate access to clinical breast exams and mammograms programme implementation considers appropriate theories for health promotion and education in the older population. Evaluation measured progress in the plan implemen tation by assessing immediate products and long term impact of the programme results of the pilot programme revealed a slight increase in knowledge and a significant decrease (p

Music and Murder :: essays research papers

Documentaries serve to draw a response through the use of literary techniques in order to present a particular point of view. Michael Cordell’s Music and Murder subscribes to this principle, the documentary focuses on three men serving prison sentences for taking a life and how music has changed and shaped their outlook on their own lives. Music, structure, verbal language and selection of detail all work on the viewers emotions which serve to draw a positive response towards rehabilitation in prisons. Music and Murder follows Vernon Kronk who killed an infant because it wet the bed, Geoffrey Websdale who shot dead two people and injured one and Daniel Miles who stabbed his girlfriend. All three prisoners are serving sentences in prison for their crimes and all three with the help of the prison teachers have found an interest in music. Music and Murder as a title for this documentary is very peculiar in that it hints that the two themes go together, many would see such a title as a paradox and that if rehabilitation was the only issue Music after Murder would be a more suitable title, however the emotional maturing through music is important in the documentary. Music recorded by the prisoners is played throughout the documentary, this attempts to give the viewer insight into the emotions felt by the musicians. The music is described by one of the prisons music teachers as â€Å"coming from the heart†, because we have not discovered the crimes that the prisoners have committed the music attempts to draw on feelings of sympathy from the viewer for the men. Much of the documentary is left to periods of the men’s music; these periods are an expression of emotion by which the notion of humanity and a second chance is put forward. The structure, the order parts of the documentary are presented determine how prisoners are constructed by the viewer. In Music and Murder Vernon, Geoffrey and Daniel are all constructed in the same way and overall the documentary works to construct the prisoners as people deserving of the viewers trust. In the beginning of the documentary the prison is described and shown as concrete and metal and there are close-ups of the metal bars, locks and razor-wire. This use of montage re-establishes the viewers previous idea of prison as punishment. After this the music is introduced by the respected teachers as not leisure but a constructive way to use their time in prison, having the punishment aspect of prison introduced before the music gives the viewer a positive on the idea as music as rehabilitation and not just as leisure.

Colonial Persuasion :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27, 2002 â€Å"Radical Declaration† Gentlemen, there comes a time in all of our lives when we must stand up to our overseers. As our fellow countryman, Thomas Paine, declared, â€Å"It is ridiculous for an island to rule part of a continent, 3000 miles away.† Moreover, the restrictions on trade, the newly passed declaration allowing for the quartering of large bodies of armed British troops, and the closing of the port of Boston, shows that our dictator is unwilling to compromise on these â€Å"Intolerable Acts.† Furthermore, it seems as though it is but a small group of wealthy, extremely privileged, land owning loyals, who wish to remain under this tyranny. The king refuses to hear our grievances and has even disallowed us trial by jury. The esteemed patriot and my good friend and neighbor, Samuel Adams, tells me that he has received word from â€Å"A Virginian who wrote home from London that King George’s own House of Commons says he is ‘very obstinate’ and ‘shan’t continue to reign with any peaceable conduct toward the colonies’.† (Langguth, 28) So my friends, I ask you all how long can we continue to be treated as hostiles? Why should we wish to remain loyal to a country that deprived us of religious freedoms for generations, not to mention those of us who have no tie to the king and Britain at all? Why should we not seek independence? Why should we give into our selfish, greedy, loyalist neighbors, while the British troops are killing our friends, attacking our cities, and laying sole claim to OUR goods? I say we put a sharp and decisive end to our ties with the tyrannical king and HIS country. This bold declarative statement, however, will require the support and backing of all colonists not just my northernmost neighbors.

Immigrant Children and U.S Education Essay

Aware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examine the effect that these illegal children are having on the United States public education system. How educators and policymakers address the increasing diversification of the population will ultimately determine the stability of communities in the future.In order to produce a more effective public education system for students as a whole, it is important for the government examine the effects of the influx of immigrant students and learn to address the issues in a more productive way.Americans must ask themselves and answer the question, â€Å"How should the government better manage the influx of undocumented immigrant children in the public education system?† In 1982, the supreme court case Plyler v. Doe, ruled â€Å"that public schools were prohibited from denying immigrant students access to a public education. The Court stated that undocumented children have the same right to a free public education as U.S. citizens and permanent residents. Undocumented immigrant students are obligated, as are all other students, to attend school until they reach the age mandated by state law (Olivas).† As an american citizen, it is crucial for our society to realize the effects of allowing illegal immigrants the right to free public education because the effects affect us as individuals and future generations in the american society. It is important for us to see if the benefits of allowing immigrants free education outweighs the strain it puts on our public education system. Researching and answering the question â€Å"How should the government better manage the influx of undocumented immigrant children in the public education system?†, will help americans realize what laws and policies need to be edited, reformed, or added, to greater benefit our society. Answering this question will show us if we need more laws promoting and protecting immigrants rights which would bring in more immigrants or if we should create laws restricting the rights of immigrant children. As immigration continues to increase, and the children of immigrants fill more of the schools, educators will have to recognize and address the social, cultural, political, psychological, and economic complexity that is immigrant education in the twenty-first century. â€Å"Despite several decades of reform, public education in the United States is criticized by some as not teaching all children effectively† (Koehler). Due to poor test results and low graduation rates, many taxpayers criticize public schools and want to see better results. Among many of the issues creating discontent with the public educational system, inequality of opportunity ranks high among citizens. Despite the historical promise of quality education for all children regardless of race, ethnicity, or income, many americans feel that many children do not have equal opportunities to learn and are not likely to attend a quality school. â€Å"Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports that 63 percent of fourth graders perform at only basic, or below basic, levels in reading. Sixty-nine percent perform at these levels in mathematics. African-American, Hispanic, and Native American fourth graders perform consistently lower than their white coun terparts†(Koehler). These statistics show that over half of the students in the American educational system fail to learn high thinking skills. â€Å"And once again, this â€Å"bottom half† comprises primarily the poor and ethnic minorities†(Koehler). Majority of immigrants live in poverty.†The poverty rate for immigrants and their U.S.-born children (under 18) is two-thirds higher than that of natives and their children, immigrants and their minor children now account for almost one in four persons living in poverty†(Camarota). The high percentage of immigrants that live in poverty causes majority of their children to attend an underachieving school adding to struggles they already face as an immigrant and effecting their educational success.â€Å"The percentage of immigrants without a high school diploma is 30 percent, more than 3.5 times the rate for natives.†(Camarota). with out proper management of immigrant children in the school system, these underachieving school s will take the blunt force of the student population increase and due to lack of resources and funding the schools have, the schools will continue to strip the students of their equality to opportunity. As the immigration population continues to increase â€Å"immigration has become the determinate factor in population growth. The arrival of 1.5 million immigrants each year, coupled with 750,000 births to immigrant women annually, means that immigration policy is adding over two million people to the U.S. population each year, accounting for at least two-thirds of U.S. population growth†(Camarota), it is important that the government learn how better manage the influx of undocumented immigrant children in the public education system to ensure equality of opportunity to american and immigrant students. As taxpayers, citizens should especially be concerned with the amount of their money that is used to educate immigrants. In January 2011, it was estimated that 11.5 million unauthorized immigrants are currently living in the United States. Of these it is estimated that 1.5 million children attend a public school costing the government an estimated six thousand dollars a year per student. In addition to the six thousands per student the government also pays about $1.5 billion annually to pay the bi-lingual teachers which are necessary to teach and attempt to provide an equal opportunity to immigrant children. All together, the total cost of educating the children of illegal immigrants is around $52,000,000,000. Educating the children of illegal immigrants is by far the single largest cost to American taxpayers. Even though americans are paying large sums of money to educate children of illegal immigrants, â€Å"foreign-born students ages 16-24 had a drop out rate of 29% while students ages 16-24 of foreign born parents had a high school drop out rate of 38.7%†(Illegal immigration statistics). This drop out percentage shows that despite the large amounts of money being spent, the government needs to find a way to better manage the influx of undocumented immigrant children in the public education system. Due to the large number and rising percentage of immigrants in our school system, the immigrants educational success will influence our nations future success. Works Cited Camarota, Steven. â€Å"Immigrants in the United States: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born.† Center for Immigration Studies. Nov. 2002. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. . Website TagsEditDelete Hernandez, Donald J. Demographic Change and the Life of Immigrant Families. Publication. New York: Foundation for Child Development, 2004. Future of Children. Web. . Report TagsEditDelete â€Å"Illegal Immigration Statistics.† Illegal Immigration Statistics. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. . Website TagsEditDelete â€Å"Immigration Statistics.† DHS. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. . Website TagsEditDelete Koehler, Paul, and Joy W. Lewis. â€Å"Criticism of Public Education.† Encyclopedia of Education. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 1948-952. Print. Encyclopedia Article TagsEditDelete Olivas, Michael A. No Undocumented Child Left Behind: Plyler v. Doe and the Education of Undocumented Schoolchildren. New York: New York UP, 2012. Print. Book TagsEditDelete Schoorman, Diyls. â€Å"Immigrant Education: Contemporary Issues.† Encyclopedia of the Social and Cultural Foundations of Education. Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009. 433-35. Print.